How photography helped the British empire classify India

BBC News - WorldCenterEN 3 min read 100% complete February 21, 2026 at 02:21 AM
How photography helped the British empire classify India

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A new exhibition, "Typecasting: Photographing the Peoples of India, 1855-1920," organized by DAG, explores how photography was used by the British Empire to classify India's diverse population. The exhibition, featuring nearly 200 rare photographs, showcases how the camera was deployed to define communities and make India's social complexities understandable to the colonial government. It includes images from "The People of India" survey (1868-1875) and works by photographers like Samuel Bourne and Lala Deen Dayal. The exhibition maps human geography, including communities from the north-east to the north-west, and highlights those assigned to the lower rungs of the colonial social order. The images shaped perceptions of India's diversity, translating lived realities into seemingly stable "types" for administrative purposes.

Keywords

india 100% photography 100% british empire 90% classification 80% ethnographic photography 70% colonialism 70% the people of india 60% typecasting 60% visual language 50% social differences 50%

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BBC News - World
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