How did a prized red gemstone reach the ancient, mysterious Shu kingdom?

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A group of 11 carnelian beads, a prized red gemstone, were discovered undisturbed for 3,000 years at Sanxingdui's highest-ranking sacrificial pit in southwest China. The beads are believed to have originated from the Indus Valley and Mediterranean regions. In ancient China, carnelian was not commonly found in elite burials until the late Western Zhou dynasty (c1046-771BC). The discovery sheds light on the mysterious Shu kingdom, which is thought to have existed during this time period. The beads' presence at Sanxingdui has long been a mystery, with previous theories suggesting they arrived through the Yangtze River or maritime trade networks from South Asia. Further research is needed to determine the exact route by which the carnelian beads reached the site.
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