Pain or gain? US moves to decouple its defence industry from China’s rare earths

A recent US executive order requires major arms manufacturers to trace their multi-tier supply chains and actively phase out Chinese rare earths, aiming to end years of reliance on cheap minerals from China.Far from a radical policy shift, industry observers view the directive as a long-overdue enforcement crackdown designed to inflict short-term contractor pain for long-term national security gain.While contractors face immediate hurdles to requalify suppliers and find non-Chinese alternatives, US analysts said the market adjustments were manageable, though delivery timetables for future military hardware could slightly stretch.They also warned that true strategic independence needed sustained, long-term capital investment in non-Chinese midstream processing.Signed on July 20 by US President Donald Trump, the executive order significantly tightens the conditions under which the Department of Defence can issue waivers for defence-critical imports from China, Russia, Iran and North Korea.US defence procurement rules strictly prohibit sourcing from adversary states certain “covered materials” – ranging from rare earth magnets to newly added inputs like gallium and germanium – with exemptions available under waiver conditions.