Estonia’s Seto people bolster their centuries-old culture and language with a kingdom for a day

Estonia’s Seto people bolster their centuries-old culture and language with a kingdom for a day 0 seconds of 1 minute, 17 secondsVolume 0% Press shift question mark to access a list of keyboard shortcuts Keyboard ShortcutsEnabledDisabled Shortcuts Open/Close/ or ? Play/PauseSPACE Increase Volume↑ Decrease Volume↓ Seek Forward→ Seek Backward← Captions On/Offc Fullscreen/Exit Fullscreenf Mute/Unmutem Decrease Caption Size- Increase Caption Size+ or = Seek %0-9 Next Up Thousands gather for medieval festival recreating life in 14th-century Transylvania 01:12 Subtitle Settings OffEnglish(US)_v Font Color White Font Opacity 100% Font Size 100% Font Family Arial Character Edge None Edge Color Black Background Color Black Background Opacity 50% Window Color Black Window Opacity 0% Reset WhiteBlackRedGreenBlueYellowMagentaCyan 100%75%50%25% 200%175%150%125%100%75%50% ArialCourierGeorgiaImpactLucida ConsoleTahomaTimes New RomanTrebuchet MSVerdana NoneRaisedDepressedUniformDrop Shadow WhiteBlackRedGreenBlueYellowMagentaCyan WhiteBlackRedGreenBlueYellowMagentaCyan 100%75%50%25%0% WhiteBlackRedGreenBlueYellowMagentaCyan 100%75%50%25%0% 00:00 01:17 01:17 More Videos 01:12 Thousands gather for medieval festival recreating life in 14th-century Transylvania 01:22 Haitian migrants helped create New Orleans' culture, now SCOTUS says they can no longer live here 00:53 A 10-year-old saved his sister as they struggled in a New Jersey river before he died 01:25 People at the Tarajal border fence in Ceuta as migrants try to reach Spanish territory 00:50 Multiple people dead after shooting at fast food restaurant in southern Idaho 01:47 400-year-old Austrian bell foundry bets on modern technology 01:33 Zendaya, Tom Holland swing into LA with 'Spider-Man: Brand New Day' 00:49 Wildfires force George Clooney's family to evacuate their home in southern France Close 1 of 6 | Once a year, the Seto ethnic community turns a village in southeastern Estonia into a symbolic kingdom for a day — complete with entry visas instead of tickets, made-up currency and even a mock military parade. There’s now only a few thousand fluent speakers of Seto, which is closely related to the Estonian language. 2 of 6 | Estonia Seto Kingdom Day Women wearing traditional Seto costumes dance during the annual Seto Kingdom Day in Mikitamäe, south Estonia, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits) 3 of 6 | Estonia Seto Kingdom Day A woman wearing traditional Seto costumes dances during the annual Seto Kingdom Day in Mikitamäe, south Estonia, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits) 4 of 6 | Estonia Seto Kingdom Day Men wearing traditional Seto costumes dance during the annual Seto Kingdom Day in Mikitamäe, south Estonia, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits) 5 of 6 | Estonia Seto Kingdom Day Men wearing traditional Seto costumes dance during the annual Seto Kingdom Day in Mikitamäe, south Estonia, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits) 6 of 6 | Estonia Seto Kingdom Day People attend mock military parade during the annual Seto Kingdom Day in Mikitamäe, south Estonia, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits) By KOSTYA MANENKOV Updated 7:19 AM MESZ, August 3, 2026 Add AP News on Google Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google. Share Share Facebook Copy Link copied Print Email X LinkedIn Bluesky Flipboard Pinterest Reddit Mikitamäe, Estonia (AP) — As an accordion plays, 80-year-old Maime Kapten spins across the grass field, her embroidered skirt swirling and silver chains and coins around her neck jangling. Kapten is a member of the Seto ethnic community, which once a year turns a village in southeastern Estonia into a symbolic kingdom for a day — complete with entry visas instead of tickets, made-up currency and even a mock military parade. She’s one of only a few thousand fluent speakers of Seto, which is closely related to the Estonian language. The idea was born in 1994 as the Setos, whose homeland was divided by the Estonian-Russian border after the collapse of the Soviet Union, created a special event to highlight their unique culture and preserve their language, and bring the community together. “This is an important cultural day for us,” Kapten said. “We get to meet people we know, we get to talk, exchange a few words, give each other a hug.” The Seto people have lived for centuries in the border region and never had a real kingdom. After the Soviet Union’s collapse, many on the Russian side of the border eventually abandoned or sold their houses and moved to Estonia. Fewer than 200 stayed behind. Those who remained on the different sides of the border couldn’t see each other as easily as before and needed visas to visit family graves and relatives. According to Estonia’s 2021 census, about 25,000 people reported being able to speak Seto, but linguists estimate only a few thousand use it in everyday life. Seto speakers are spread across Estonia, and the Setomaa parish in their traditional home region is home to fewer than 3,000 people. Orthodox monks are the first to live and pray at a monastery in Estonia for 80 years 5 MIN READ Romania scrambles F-16 jets and downs a suspected Russian drone, the third in 3 days 4 MIN READ Georgia’s Okefenokee Swamp among new additions to join UNESCO’s World Heritage List 4 MIN READ You’ll hear a Seto woman before you see her The parish includes the usually quiet village of Mikitamäe, host to this year’s kingdom day, whose streets were bursting on Saturday with men and women in colorful folk costumes. A local saying goes that you hear a Seto woman before you see her because of the noise her silver chains and dangling coins make. Those traditional dresses, worn every day a century ago, now are only worn for special occasions. “Seto clothes say a lot about the person who wears them,” said cultural activist Piret Torm-Kriis, 62. “If you look at a Seto woman, you can understand whether she is married or single, whether she is going to the church or to the market, to a party or to work.” For centuries, Seto culture has combined Eastern Orthodox traditions and pre-Christian mythology. Setos attended church services but also sought help from Peko, the god of fertility and king of the Setos in local folklore. The tradition lives on with the annual election of a new Ülemsootska, the representative of the community, who speaks on Peko’s behalf and serves as his messenger. Each year, a man and a woman declare their program while standing on tree stumps to the Seto people, who quickly form lines in front of their favored candidate, holding onto threads stretching hundreds of meters (yards). On Saturday, the longest line formed in front of folk costume maker Ingrit Kala, who was declared the Ülemsootska. Topping Kala’s agenda: promoting the Seto culture and preserving the Seto language. The language is officially viewed as a dialect of Estonian but considered a separate language by the Seto themselves, with its distinct pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. “We have so many different things, so many skilled craftspeople, to show what a rich culture we have and to really introduce it,” Kala said. Saturday’s events prominently featured the traditional Seto way of singing, known as leelo, believed to be over 1,000 years old and recognized on UNESCO’s list of intangible cultural heritage. It features a woman singing the first verse line, with a choir joining in for the final syllables before the singing blends together. Its lyrics and themes are often mythological and have been passed down orally from one generation to another. Singing traditionally accompanied all daily activities, with songs for everything, including work, rituals and celebrations. Leelo singing contains a lot of information about the world and people at the time of its origins, “how were they thinking, what was important, what did they believe in,” leelo singing researcher and teacher Mari Palolill said after singing with her choir. Setos face challenges in preserving their culture and language Seto traditions have survived largely by being passed on by word of mouth, and the annual kingdom day is one of the most important events for preserving the Seto language. In Setomaa, there is a Seto-speaking kindergarten group and a newspaper in Seto. Some books, including Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s “The Little Prince,” have been translated into Seto. Still, it remains a language largely learned in the family. “If Seto isn’t spoken at home, then what children learn at school doesn’t help much,” Kala said Maria Grünberg, 23, learned Seto by listening to leelo songs as a child and trying to sing along. Now she’s leading the youth leelo choir and her dream is to help every generation embrace Seto. “We all together try to preserve the songs, the language, and show also other young people that Seto songs and Seto language is not only for old people,” said Grünberg, who sang wearing a traditional Seto dress she customized herself and her grandparents’ jewelry. “We want to show that this is for everyone.”