How succession works in Iran and who could be the country’s next supreme leader

Iranian state media confirmed the death of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Following his death after almost 37 years in power, a leadership council was formed on Sunday to govern the country. The council consists of Iran’s president, the head of the judiciary, and a member of the Guardian Council. Khamenei's death raises questions about Iran's future and the complex succession process. The article suggests Khamenei was killed in an airstrike campaign by the United States and Israel.

Following the death of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in a US-Israeli attack on March 1, 2026, Iran has formed a three-member transitional council to govern the country. The council consists of Ayatollah Alireza Arafi, President Masoud Pezeshkian, and Chief Justice Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejei. Arafi's appointment was confirmed by the Expediency Council. According to the Iranian Constitution, this council will oversee state duties until the Assembly of Experts, an 88-member panel, selects a new supreme leader. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and security chief Ali Larijani are also expected to play significant roles during the transition. The commander-in-chief of the IRGC was also killed in the same attack.

Upon the death of Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the 88-member Assembly of Experts, a council of Shiite clerics, is responsible for selecting his replacement. This panel, elected every eight years and vetted by the Guardian Council, has the power to appoint and theoretically remove the Supreme Leader. Iranian law mandates a swift selection process; however, a temporary leadership council can assume duties in the interim. This council would consist of Iran's president, the head of the judiciary, and a member of the Guardian Council. The succession process is complex due to the structure of Iran's theocracy and the vetting process for the Assembly of Experts.