The atomic bomb, a world-changing invention, inflicted suffering and launched the nuclear age

By MICHAEL WEISSENSTEIN Updated 5:06 PM MESZ, August 6, 2026 Add AP News on Google Add AP News as your preferred source to see more of our stories on Google. Share Share Facebook Copy Link copied Print Email X LinkedIn Bluesky Flipboard Pinterest Reddit Sometimes inventions save countless lives. Sometimes they end just as many. Sometimes, they do both. The United States dropped the first atomic bomb ever used in warfare on Aug. 6, 1945. The olive-green steel cylinder called “Little Boy” exploded above Hiroshima, Japan, killing tens of thousands of people, sickening many more and reshaping global politics forever. Three days later, the U.S. did it again. The second bomb, named “Fat Man,” went off over Nagasaki where another 70,000 people died and tens of thousands more were wounded. The airplane, the polio vaccine, the personal computer and other American inventions moved the world into a mostly better future. Though the atomic bomb hastened Japan’s surrender and the end of World War II, it ushered in world annihilation fears and decades of arms races. Sumiteru Taniguchi, 86, a survivor of the 1945 atomic bombing of Nagasaki, stands for photos during an interview at his office in Nagasaki, southern Japan, June 30, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko, File) Traveling to his family home in the days after the Hiroshima bombing, United Press International reporter Leslie Nakashima found his mother safe and his hometown of 300,000 people destroyed. In an Aug. 27 report, he described the bomb’s “stupendous destructive power.” In Nagasaki about a mile (1.8 kilometers) from the epicenter, Sumiteru Taniguchi was a 16-year-old delivering mail when the explosion threw him from his bicycle. It left him with a web of wounds on his back and three damaged ribs that painfully pressed into his lungs until he died in 2017. What to know about Iran’s Pickaxe Mountain, home to an underground nuclear site threatened by Trump 7 MIN READ Hiroshima marks 81st atomic bomb anniversary as mayor deplores the pursuit of nuclear weapons 2 MIN READ 29 US and Saudi Arabia sign new nuclear agreement that could pave way for kingdom to enrich uranium 2 MIN READ 29 On his way home from discussing Germany’s defeat, President Harry S. Truman declared that “what has been done is the greatest achievement of organized science in history.” In America, jubilant crowds celebrated the war’s end. A huge expanse of ruins left the explosion of the atomic bomb on Aug. 6, 1945 in Hiroshima. (AP Photo, File) The Soviet Union went on to explode its own bomb in 1949, followed by British, French, Chinese, Indian, Pakistani and North Korean programs. In the Middle East, nuclear capabilities remain contentious. Some analysts believe the risk of nuclear destruction has helped quash armed conflicts. But many point to the new and unknown risks created by the violent competition over becoming the next nuclear power. Artificial intelligence has increased nations’ abilities to defend against terrorism, cyberattacks and drones. The biggest threat to modern civilization is a nuclear weapon in the hands of irresponsible populists, former British diplomat Tim Willasey-Wilsey wrote in a recent essay. “The greatest danger of a massive global shock would come from the use of a nuclear weapon in anger for the first time since 1945,” he wrote. “A nuclear war will not be about an inability to join dots but another massive failure of human imagination.” MICHAEL WEISSENSTEIN Weissenstein edits stories for The Associated Press’ Top Stories Hub and has reported and edited from the United States, Europe and Latin America, with short stints in the Middle East. mailto