Ceasefire with Israel brings respite to Lebanon, but obstacles to peace remain

A temporary ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon, arranged by Pakistan with Saudi Arabia's help, has become a key condition for further US-Iran peace talks mediated by Pakistan. The ceasefire, unveiled by the US, follows stalled talks in Islamabad where Iran insisted on including Lebanon in the agenda and refused to halt uranium enrichment. Israel reluctantly agreed to the 10-day ceasefire, maintaining its forces in parts of southern Lebanon occupied since the start of its war against Iran alongside the US in February. Analysts suggest Israel is using the ceasefire to facilitate US-Iran negotiations but may resume hostilities with Hezbollah, a key Iranian ally, if no progress is made in Islamabad. The next round of talks is scheduled to take place in Islamabad on a date yet to be set.

In April 2026, a 10-day ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon went into effect, brokered by U.S. President Donald Trump, to allow for further negotiations towards a lasting peace agreement. The ceasefire follows six weeks of fighting between Israel and Hezbollah, resulting in significant casualties and displacement in Lebanon. According to the U.S. State Department, Israel retains the right to self-defense against imminent attacks during the truce. While Trump expressed hope for Hezbollah's cooperation, the group was not directly involved in the ceasefire talks and has approached the agreement with caution, warning that any targeting of Lebanese sites would be considered a violation.

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has called on Israel to halt its attacks on Lebanon, which have intensified following the Middle East ceasefire. Albanese expressed concern over Israel's military campaign in Beirut and southern Lebanon, while also urging Hezbollah to cease attacks on Israel. He reiterated that the ceasefire should extend to Lebanon. Albanese confirmed that Australia's military surveillance aircraft will remain in the region for at least another month. His comments follow Israel's largest attack on Lebanon since its war with Hezbollah began. Foreign Minister Penny Wong expressed disappointment over failed US and Iran peace talks, emphasizing the need to continue the ceasefire.

A US-brokered ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon has brought a period of calm, but key issues threaten long-term peace. The agreement does not address the withdrawal of Israeli troops from southern Lebanon, raising concerns about continued occupation and the creation of a security buffer zone. Disagreement persists over the disarmament of Hezbollah, a demand from the US, Israel, and some Lebanese factions. Hezbollah refuses to disarm and maintains a strong relationship with Iran, who they see as one entity. The Lebanese government has little influence over Hezbollah and believes disarmament requires negotiation, but observers suggest the decision ultimately lies with Iran.

Israel and Lebanon have agreed to a 10-day ceasefire, starting Thursday at midnight local time, following six weeks of fighting between Israel and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. The ceasefire was announced by US President Donald Trump, with confirmation from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who stated Israeli troops would maintain a security zone in southern Lebanon. Hezbollah indicated willingness to participate, demanding a comprehensive halt to attacks across Lebanon and restricted movement for Israeli forces. Iran welcomed the ceasefire, having previously insisted it be included in their own ceasefire negotiations with the US. The conflict began after a joint US-Israeli attack on Iran, prompting Hezbollah to retaliate for the assassination of Iran's Supreme Leader.

Hezbollah, a Lebanese militant group, has stated it will not recognize any agreements resulting from upcoming US-brokered talks between Lebanon and Israel. A senior Hezbollah official, Wafiq Safa, announced this opposition on the eve of anticipated discussions in Washington D.C. between Lebanese and Israeli ambassadors. The talks are intended to address ongoing disputes between the two nations. The announcement comes amid heightened tensions in the Middle East, with reports of a naval blockade of Iranian ports and claims from former President Trump about Iran's desire for a deal.

Hezbollah leader Naim Qassem urged Lebanon to cancel a planned meeting with Israel in Washington, D.C., scheduled for the following day. Qassem reiterated Hezbollah's rejection of direct negotiations with Israel, calling for a "historic and heroic stance" by cancelling the meeting. The Lebanese and Israeli ambassadors to the United States were set to discuss potential direct negotiations between the two countries. Lebanon seeks a ceasefire in the ongoing Israel-Hezbollah conflict before engaging in formal peace talks, a prospect dismissed by Israel, who prefers to focus on formal peace talks. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated his desire for Hezbollah's disarmament and a lasting peace agreement. Qassem believes these negotiations are futile without Lebanese agreement and consensus.

Direct talks between Lebanon and Israel are scheduled for Tuesday in Washington D.C., a notable event despite low expectations for a major breakthrough. These talks follow a period of renewed conflict that began on March 2nd after a Hezbollah attack on Israel. Israeli air strikes have reportedly killed over 2,000 people in Lebanon, while Hezbollah attacks have killed 12 Israeli soldiers and two civilians. The conflict's impact on Israeli politics is evident as Prime Minister Netanyahu's popularity has been affected ahead of upcoming parliamentary elections. Polls indicate a close race between Netanyahu's coalition and opposition parties.

In April 2026, a two-week ceasefire brokered between the United States and Iran paused a six-week war. The Al Jazeera report examines the uncertain outcome of the conflict, questioning whether either side can claim victory. Despite the ceasefire, Iran maintains control of the Strait of Hormuz, possesses near-weapons-grade uranium and ballistic missiles, and Israeli strikes continue in Lebanon outside the truce's parameters. While Donald Trump declared a US victory and Iranian leaders hailed a turning point, the long-term implications for regional stability and key areas like the Strait of Hormuz and Lebanon remain unresolved. The report analyzes the perspectives from Washington to Tehran, highlighting the persistent tensions and unresolved issues despite the temporary cessation of hostilities.

Six months after the Gaza ceasefire, significant progress on disarmament, governance, and reconstruction remains stalled, leaving residents in limbo. This situation raises concerns about the viability of the newly established Iran war ceasefire. The Gaza experience highlights the importance of detailed agreements and clear enforcement, as evidenced by current disagreements over the ceasefire's application to Lebanon. The US-led Board of Peace, intended to address conflicts like Gaza, has been inactive since the Iran war began. Hamas has yet to respond to the Board's proposal on disarming, a key condition for lasting peace, with the US indicating that its patience is not unlimited.

Following a newly established US-Iran ceasefire, Israel's intense bombing of Beirut and other Lebanese cities has drawn international condemnation and threatened to destabilize the truce. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called for negotiations with Lebanon focusing on Hezbollah's disarmament, but did not commit to halting the strikes, which have killed over 200 people in the past 24 hours. Iran has warned it may close the Strait of Hormuz again in response to the Israeli attacks, jeopardizing US-Iranian talks scheduled in Pakistan. Despite claims of progress by the US president, the ceasefire is in danger of collapsing as Iran insists negotiations are "meaningless" while Israel continues its bombardment of Lebanon. Pakistan has condemned Israel's actions and urged restraint.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced plans for direct negotiations with Lebanon to disarm Hezbollah and establish relations, despite ongoing tensions and no formal ceasefire. The talks, potentially beginning next week in Washington D.C., aim to de-escalate conflict amid a fragile ceasefire in the broader Iran war. These developments follow Israeli strikes on Beirut and concerns over Iran's control of the Strait of Hormuz. However, US President Trump has expressed skepticism about Iran's adherence to the ceasefire regarding oil passage through the Strait of Hormuz. Negotiations between Israel and Lebanon, technically at war since 1948, represent a significant step towards regional stability, though challenges remain.

Israel has rejected a ceasefire with Hezbollah ahead of planned talks with Lebanese officials in Washington next week. Despite the absence of diplomatic relations, the talks are intended to begin formal peace negotiations between Israel and Lebanon. However, Israel refuses to discuss a ceasefire with Hezbollah, which it considers a terrorist organization and an obstacle to peace. The diplomatic push comes as Israeli strikes intensify in Lebanon, with reports of casualties and pressure from Washington and Beirut for a temporary halt to hostilities. Iran has stated that the agreed pause in hostilities with the US includes an end to fighting between Israel and Hezbollah, a position Israel rejects.

U.S. Vice President JD Vance is leading a delegation to Islamabad, Pakistan for talks with Iranian officials, the first such meeting since the recent outbreak of war. The talks, brokered by Pakistan, aim to solidify a fragile ceasefire between Iran and its adversaries. The Iranian delegation, led by Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf, has preconditions for negotiation, including an Israeli ceasefire in Lebanon and the release of blocked Iranian assets. Security has been heightened in Islamabad for the meeting, with road closures and residents urged to stay indoors. Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif described the talks as a "make-or-break" moment in shifting from a temporary ceasefire to a lasting settlement.

Six months after the October 10, 2025 ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas, Gaza remains in a state of instability. The agreement, intended to end a two-year war that resulted in over 72,000 Palestinian deaths, aimed for a comprehensive ceasefire, Israeli troop withdrawal, increased humanitarian aid, and infrastructure reconstruction. However, reports indicate that the agreed-upon terms have not been fully implemented. Attacks continue, a full Israeli withdrawal has not occurred, and aid delivery remains insufficient. The promised reconstruction and prisoner exchanges have also stalled, leaving Gaza in a state of "neither war nor peace" with ongoing suffering for Palestinian civilians.

Six months after the declared ceasefire in Gaza, thousands of Palestinian families are still unable to bury their dead. Approximately 10,000 Palestinians remain missing, presumed buried under the rubble of buildings destroyed during the conflict that began in October 2023. The UN estimates over 61 million tonnes of rubble remain, hindering recovery efforts. Many families lack the necessary equipment to retrieve bodies, and civil defense teams are reportedly unable to assist. The situation leaves families like Abu Mohammed's, who lost four children and whose bodies remain trapped, in despair. Despite the ceasefire's aim to facilitate recovery, heavy machinery has not been adequately deployed to Gaza to assist in the crucial task of reuniting families with their deceased.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced on Sunday that Israel will expand its invasion of southern Lebanon, aiming to broaden the existing security strip and fundamentally change the situation in the north. This escalation comes as Israeli forces continue targeting Hezbollah, which Netanyahu claims retains the capability to fire rockets into Israel. The announcement was made during a visit to northern Israel. Meanwhile, an Iranian official warned the U.S. against a ground invasion, and regional diplomats met in Pakistan seeking direct U.S.-Iran talks to end the ongoing conflict. Officials in Lebanon report over 1,100 deaths since the start of the conflict.

UN humanitarian chief Tom Fletcher addressed the Security Council regarding Israel's expanding invasion of Lebanon. He questioned how the UN would protect Lebanese civilians, citing concerns about potential Israeli occupation based on statements from Israeli ministers and the situation in Gaza. Fletcher also asked how the international community should prepare for a possible new occupied territory, given the displacement of over 1.1 million people in Lebanon since intensified Israeli attacks began on March 2. The emergency UNSC session was prompted by Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz's statement about establishing a security zone in southern Lebanon up to the Litani River after the current conflict with Hezbollah. Israel's military claims the operation aims to protect northern Israeli residents from missile attacks.

Israel has vowed to occupy a large portion of southern Lebanon up to the Litani River, approximately 19 miles from the border, to create a buffer zone after fighting with Hezbollah ends. Defence Minister Israel Katz stated that the military would control the area, eliminate Hezbollah forces, and destroy homes near villages, mirroring actions taken in Gaza. This plan has raised concerns about forced displacement, with Human Rights Watch suggesting it could constitute war crimes. The Israeli military launched its campaign in Lebanon after Hezbollah fired rockets into Israel on March 2, citing retaliation for the killing of the Iranian supreme leader. The stated goal is to push Hezbollah back from the border to prevent rocket fire into northern Israel, with troops advancing rapidly and Prime Minister Netanyahu instructing the military to expand the buffer zone.

The U.S. State Department is urging Americans to leave Lebanon due to targeted threats from Iran and its proxy militias against American universities in the Middle East. The U.S. Embassy in Beirut describes the security situation as volatile, citing airstrikes, drones, and rocket attacks throughout the country, particularly in the south, Beqaa, and parts of Beirut. Americans in southern Lebanon, near the Syrian border, in refugee settlements, and in Beirut's southern suburbs are strongly encouraged to depart immediately. Commercial flights are available from Beirut Rafic Hariri airport, and the U.S. Embassy is offering limited emergency passport services. Routine consular services, including visa operations, are suspended, and travel to Lebanon is not advised.

Hezbollah chief Naim Qassem called for national unity in Lebanon amid ongoing Israeli attacks, stating that the country faces a choice between resistance and surrender. Qassem rejected negotiations with Israel while under fire, viewing it as a form of surrender. He emphasized the need to stop Israeli aggression to liberate land and people, postponing other discussions. The intensified Israeli attacks on Lebanon began in early March after Hezbollah launched rockets into Israel, following the start of the US-Israel war on Iran in late February. Israel's military actions include airstrikes and a ground invasion aimed at rooting out Hezbollah fighters, while Hezbollah continues to fire rockets into northern Israel and clash with Israeli troops.

Israel's Defense Minister Israel Katz announced that Israeli troops will control a large buffer zone in southern Lebanon as part of its campaign against Hezbollah. This action follows escalating conflict, including Hezbollah rocket fire into northern Israel in retaliation for the killing of an Iranian leader and near-daily strikes on Hezbollah. Israeli troops have reportedly blown up five bridges on the Litani River, approximately 30km from the border. Katz stated that displaced Lebanese residents will not be allowed to return south of the Litani River until northern Israel's safety is guaranteed. The aim is to create a defensive space, eliminate Hezbollah terrorists, and destroy their infrastructure, mirroring strategies used in Gaza. Since the conflict began, over 1,000 people have been killed in Lebanon and over a million have been displaced.

Amidst escalating conflict, Israel intends to occupy a portion of southern Lebanon up to the Litani River, establishing what Defence Minister Israel Katz calls a "security zone." This area constitutes approximately one-tenth of Lebanon. Katz announced the plan at a meeting with the military chief of staff. Hezbollah, the Iran-backed Lebanese group, views this potential occupation as an "existential threat" and has vowed to resist any Israeli troop presence south of the Litani. The group stated that they will confront what they see as aggression and defend their land. Katz previously warned Lebanon that failure to disarm Hezbollah could result in territorial losses.

In March 2026, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Israel is "breaking boundaries in every sense of the word" and working to expand its buffer zone from Lebanon. This announcement follows intensified Israeli attacks on Lebanon that began earlier in March. The attacks were initiated after Hezbollah launched rockets towards Israeli territory. These actions occurred in the context of the US-Israel war on Iran. The expansion of the buffer zone aims to create a larger security perimeter for Israel along its northern border with Lebanon.

Lebanon's Prime Minister Nawaf Salam accused Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) of directing Hezbollah's military operations against Israel, including drone attacks on Cyprus. These accusations come amid already strained relations between Hezbollah and the Lebanese government. Salam stated the IRGC is managing the military operation in Lebanon, with IRGC officials entering the country with false passports. This follows Hezbollah firing rockets into Israel in early March, claiming it was retaliation for the assassination of Iran's Supreme Leader and Israeli aggression. Since early March, Israeli attacks on Lebanon have killed over 1,000 people and displaced over 1.2 million. Analysts suggest the IRGC has played a crucial role in Hezbollah's preparations for renewed conflict.

Due to the ongoing US-Israel war with Iran, over a million people have been displaced in Lebanon, particularly after Israel issued evacuation orders for southern regions. This displacement follows intensified Israeli campaigns against Hezbollah in Lebanon, triggered by rocket fire into northern Israel. Displaced families, many from Hezbollah-supported areas, are struggling with overwhelmed shelters and are forced to sleep in cars or makeshift tents. The BBC spoke with displaced families, including children and pregnant women, highlighting their difficult living conditions amid the conflict. The situation is particularly dire as families face extreme weather conditions and a lack of adequate shelter.