Why Indonesia’s lead role in Gaza peacekeeping force carries high political risk

Students across several universities in Iran gathered to protest again, despite a heavy security presence and plainclothes officers stationed outside university gates. The protests began on Saturday, marking the start of the new academic term, and have spread to universities across Tehran and the northeastern city of Mashhad. Protesting students are boycotting classes due to the deaths of thousands of protesters in January's crackdown, with at least 7,000 confirmed killed and another 11,700 under investigation. The protests are fueled by the regime's labeling of dissenters as foreign-backed agents, which students claim is a tactic to silence them. Students are demanding freedom and peace for future generations, willing to risk their lives to achieve this goal. Protests have been ongoing since smaller demonstrations began weeks ago among medical students.

Anti-government protests escalated across Iran on Sunday, with clashes reported at major universities and in the streets of Tehran. Students gathered in Tehran and Mashhad to commemorate those killed in January's anti-government demonstrations, leading to violence. Reports indicate tear gas and shots were fired by security forces in response to protests where demonstrators chanted anti-government slogans and criticized Iranian leaders. Some students reportedly defaced images of Supreme Leader Khamenei. State TV claimed that some individuals disguised as students attacked pro-government protesters. Opposition groups described a forceful response by authorities, including the use of tear gas against demonstrators.

The US and Iran are expected to hold nuclear talks in Geneva this week, signaling a potential diplomatic solution amid heightened tensions. Iranian Foreign Minister Araghchi indicated a possibility of a "fast deal" while also warning of self-defense if attacked. Simultaneously, the Iranian government faces renewed internal pressure as student demonstrations reignited at universities in Tehran and Mashhad, commemorating victims of past protests. The government's handling of previous unrest, including disputed death tolls and refusal of a UN-led inquiry, faces scrutiny. Despite initial vocal support for protesters, the US focus has shifted to Iran's nuclear program, with a significant military presence building in the region.

US President Trump is questioning why Iran has not yielded to pressure amid increased US military presence in the Middle East. Special envoy Steve Witkoff stated Trump is curious why Iran hasn't approached the US to negotiate its nuclear program, despite warnings of potential military action if a deal isn't reached. This comes after indirect talks between US and Iranian officials in Switzerland aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear program. Trump indicated a decision on a deal or military action could come within days. Meanwhile, anti-government protests have occurred at Iranian universities, facing clashes with government supporters.

Student-led anti-government protests erupted for a second day at universities in Tehran and Mashhad, Iran, despite a recent deadly crackdown on dissent. The demonstrations, occurring at at least seven university campuses, mark some of the first major protests since January when thousands were killed and tens of thousands arrested. Students are mourning those killed in earlier protests and calling for an end to the rule of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The protests coincide with internal discontent and rising tensions with the U.S. While the government has not officially acknowledged the protests, a University of Tehran official cautioned students against violence.

Following deadly nationwide protests in January, Iranian universities reopened, prompting renewed demonstrations by students in Tehran and other cities on Sunday and Monday. Thousands of students protested at universities like the University of Tehran against the government, while clashes erupted between them and pro-government students affiliated with the IRGC's Basij organization. Heavy security force presence was reported both inside and outside the universities, with reports of violent crackdowns. Protests also occurred in Mashhad, and celebrations took place in Abdanan following the release of a teacher arrested during protests last week. The demonstrations come after tens of thousands, including students, were arrested during and after the January protests.

Iranian students staged large anti-government protests at several universities across the country on Saturday, marking the first rallies of this scale since a deadly crackdown last month. Demonstrations occurred at Sharif University of Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, and Amir Kabir University of Technology in Tehran, as well as in Mashhad. Protesters chanted anti-government slogans, including "death to the dictator," referring to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Scuffles broke out between protesters and pro-government supporters at Sharif University. The protests follow previous demonstrations sparked by economic grievances and coincide with ongoing international discussions regarding Iran's nuclear program.

On February 21, 2026, Iranian students resumed anti-government protests as universities reopened for the new semester. Demonstrations occurred at multiple universities, including Amirkabir University and Sharif University in Tehran, as well as universities in Mashhad and Shahid Beheshti. Students, some wearing black to mourn those killed in prior protests, chanted slogans against the government and Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The protests follow a government crackdown on a previous nationwide movement that was fueled, in part, by student activism. Reports vary, but some sources indicate clashes between opposing groups and arrests by police.

Amid escalating tensions, Iran is preparing a nuclear counterproposal following recent talks with the US. Foreign Minister Araqchi expects a draft within days, while President Trump stated he is considering limited military strikes to pressure Iran into a deal within 10-15 days. US military planning has reportedly reached an advanced stage, with options including targeting individuals or pursuing leadership change. Araqchi acknowledged an understanding on "guiding principles" but cautioned that a deal is not imminent. Trump cited Iran's crackdown on protests, claiming 32,000 deaths, and asserted his threats deterred mass hangings, though these figures are unverified.

Under a plan overseen by the US President's "Board of Peace," Indonesia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, and Albania have pledged troops to an International Stabilization Force (ISF) in Gaza. Announced by ISF commander General Jasper Jeffers on February 20, 2026, the force aims to bring security to the region, where conflict has resulted in significant casualties. Indonesia will contribute up to 8,000 personnel, including the deputy commander, while Kazakhstan will send troops and medical units. Morocco will deploy police officers. Egypt and Jordan will participate by training police officers for the ISF. Indonesia has stated its participation aims to uphold international law in Gaza.

US President Donald Trump is considering a limited military strike on Iran amid ongoing tensions over its nuclear program. This follows a naval build-up in the Middle East, intended to pressure Iran into a deal to limit its nuclear ambitions. Trump previously issued a deadline for Tehran to agree to a deal, which he later extended. Meanwhile, Iran's foreign minister stated that a draft proposal for an agreement with Washington would be ready within days, following negotiations in Geneva. The draft would then be submitted to Trump's Middle East negotiator for review.

In February 2026, US President Donald Trump is set to chair the first meeting of the "Board of Peace" in Washington D.C. The board, comprised of representatives from around two dozen countries, will discuss the ceasefire in Gaza and fundraising efforts for its reconstruction. Trump envisions a broader scope for the board's work, extending "far beyond" Gaza. While many countries have joined, several key US allies have not signed on. The meeting aims to address the situation in Gaza and potentially expand its focus to other global issues. The composition of the board and its objectives are expected to have implications for Gaza and international relations.

US President Donald Trump stated he is considering a limited military strike on Iran to pressure its leaders into a deal to curb their nuclear program. This statement follows increased US military presence in the region, including the deployment of warships and fighter jets. The US and European allies suspect Iran is developing nuclear weapons, a claim Iran denies. US and Iranian officials have been meeting in Switzerland, with Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stating a draft agreement proposal will be presented to the US in the coming days. Trump indicated a decision on a deal or military action would be made within approximately ten days.

Amidst ongoing nuclear talks between the United States and Iran, President Trump stated on Friday that he is considering limited military strikes against Iran. This comes as Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi indicated that a proposed deal could be ready within days. Araghchi stated that serious negotiations on the text could begin within a week, potentially leading to a conclusion. Tensions between the two countries have increased as the Trump administration seeks concessions from Iran and has expanded its military presence in the Middle East. Both countries have expressed readiness for war if diplomatic efforts regarding Iran's nuclear program fail.

In 2026, FIFA and the Board of Peace, established under US President Donald Trump, partnered to attract investment for sustainable development in conflict-affected regions, starting with Gaza. FIFA aims to raise $75 million for football-related projects in Gaza, including building mini-pitches, full-size pitches, a FIFA academy, and a new national stadium. The initiative seeks to rebuild the territory after Hamas disarms and Israeli troops withdraw. The program will also emphasize job creation, youth participation, organized leagues for boys and girls, community engagement and the stimulation of local commercial activities. Challenges remain regarding Hamas' disarmament, troop withdrawal, the size of the reconstruction fund, and humanitarian aid delivery.

Satellite images reveal Iran has been repairing and fortifying key military and nuclear sites, some reportedly damaged in prior attacks. These activities include constructing a concrete shield over a new facility at a sensitive military site, burying tunnel entrances at a nuclear site, and reinforcing missile bases. The developments occur amid heightened tensions between Iran, the United States, and Israel. The US is currently seeking a deal with Iran regarding its nuclear program while simultaneously threatening military action if negotiations fail. The US has also increased its military presence in the Middle East, with 13 warships currently stationed there.

Poland's Prime Minister Donald Tusk urged Polish citizens in Iran to evacuate immediately on Thursday, citing a "very real" possibility of conflict. Tusk warned that evacuation may become impossible within hours due to escalating tensions. The warning comes as the U.S. is bolstering its military presence in the Middle East, with the USS Gerald R. Ford carrier strike group moving to the region to join the USS Abraham Lincoln. These deployments occur amidst rising concerns over Iran's nuclear program. The U.S. Central Command recently showcased F/A-18 Super Hornets operating from the USS Abraham Lincoln in the Arabian Sea.

Satellite images from February 2026 reveal Iran is fortifying its Parchin military complex, located southeast of Tehran, with a concrete shield and soil covering. This development follows reports of an Israeli bombing at the site in October 2024. The images also show Iran burying tunnel entrances at a nuclear site bombed by the US during Israel's 12-day war with Iran last year, fortifying other tunnel entrances, and repairing missile bases damaged in the conflict. These actions occur amid heightened tensions with the US and a growing US military presence in the region. Poland's Prime Minister has urged Polish citizens to leave Iran due to the risk of escalation. The Parchin complex has been suspected of past nuclear weapons-related testing, allegations Iran denies.

In February 2026, Donald Trump announced at the first Board of Peace meeting that nine member nations pledged $7 billion for Gaza reconstruction. The US will contribute an additional $10 billion to the Board of Peace. The funds aim to foster stability in the region following Israel's war on Gaza. Five countries—Indonesia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, and Albania—committed troops to an international stabilization force led by a US general, with an Indonesian deputy, to be deployed in Gaza, starting in Rafah. Egypt and Jordan will train police officers. The force aims to train a new police force of 12,000 and have 20,000 troops.

In February 2026, the U.N. Security Council convened to discuss the situation in Gaza and the West Bank, a day before President Trump's Board of Peace inaugural meeting. Diplomats raised concerns about ongoing Israeli military actions, insufficient aid, and West Bank expansion plans. U.S. Ambassador Michael Waltz defended the Board of Peace, highlighting its $5 billion pledge for Gaza's reconstruction and the need for a new approach to resolve the conflict. The Board was created after the U.N. voted to adopt Trump's 20-point peace plan for Gaza, which includes demilitarization, Hamas disarmament, and an international stabilization force. Rosemary DiCarlo, the U.N.’s political and peace-building chief, emphasized the importance of implementing the U.S. plan fully and de-escalating tensions in the West Bank.

President Donald Trump convened the inaugural meeting of his Board of Peace on Thursday with representatives from over two dozen countries in attendance. The meeting, held in Davos, Switzerland, focused on reconstruction efforts and establishing an international stabilization force for Gaza, which has been devastated by two years of war. Trump announced that board members have pledged $5 billion towards reconstruction, a fraction of the estimated $70 billion needed. Members are also expected to commit personnel to international stabilization and police forces for the territory. While many countries have joined the Board, some U.S. allies remain wary of the new body.

A recent Israeli military assessment indicates Hamas is strengthening its control over Gaza by integrating loyalists into government and security positions. This development casts doubt on the viability of President Trump's peace plan, which hinges on Hamas relinquishing its weapons in exchange for Israeli withdrawal. Trump's "Board of Peace" is holding its first meeting to oversee Gaza's transitional governance. Hamas claims willingness to cede administrative control to a US-backed committee, but states Israel has prevented committee members from entering Gaza. Despite this, an Israeli official dismissed any future role for Hamas, claiming the group is finished as a governing authority in Gaza.

In Gaza, Palestinians have expressed skepticism regarding the inaugural meeting of the "Board of Peace," held on February 19, 2026. They view the board, initiated by Donald Trump, as a potential mechanism to further Israel's occupation of Palestinian territory. The concerns stem from a belief that the board will serve as "another gateway to the occupation of Palestine." The reaction highlights existing tensions and distrust surrounding international efforts aimed at resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Palestinians fear the board's actions will exacerbate the existing situation in Gaza.

Despite grandiose peace plans, the reality in Gaza remains dire following the recent conflict. Although a fragile cease-fire was established in October 2025, Israeli strikes have killed approximately 600 people since. Displaced Palestinians continue to live in tents amidst 60 million tons of war debris. While President Trump is preparing for the inaugural gathering of his "Board of Peace" and member states have pledged over $5 billion for reconstruction, the UN estimates rebuilding costs to exceed $50 billion. Plans are underway for an International Stabilization Force, including a potential military base in southern Gaza, but analysts blame both Hamas and Israel for the struggles of the cease-fire plan.

The UN Security Council moved its meeting on Gaza and the West Bank to Wednesday to avoid conflicting with President Trump's inaugural Board of Peace meeting on Thursday. Several foreign ministers are expected to attend the UN session in New York, which was requested by Arab and Islamic nations to address the fragile Gaza ceasefire and Israeli settlement expansion. Trump announced that his Board of Peace member states pledged over $5 billion for Gaza humanitarian aid and reconstruction, along with personnel for a stabilization force, contingent on Hamas demilitarization. Israel joined the Board of Peace on February 11 after initial concerns about the involvement of Qatar and Turkey.

Donald Trump's Board of Peace is scheduled to convene in Washington D.C. for its inaugural meeting. The board, a key foreign policy initiative, aims to address global conflicts, with an initial focus on solidifying the fragile ceasefire in the Gaza Strip. Trump envisions the board playing a significant role, potentially governing and rebuilding Gaza and even challenging the UN Security Council's conflict resolution role. However, the board faces challenges in Gaza, including ongoing violence, lack of disarmament by Hamas, and stalled progress for a Palestinian governing committee. Experts emphasize the need for tangible improvements on the ground to maintain the board's credibility. Over two dozen nations, including Israel, have joined as founding members.

In February 2026, Donald Trump will host the inaugural meeting of his "Board of Peace" in Washington D.C., primarily focused on a Gaza reconstruction plan. The U.S. is expected to announce $5 billion in funds for Gaza's humanitarian and reconstruction efforts. While Western allies are hesitant, some Middle Eastern nations are participating. The board's expanding charter is seen by some as rivaling the United Nations. Benjamin Netanyahu has accepted a seat despite the inclusion of Turkish and Qatari officials, while Vladimir Putin has also been offered a seat. The meeting will also discuss an International Stabilization Force to police Gaza, according to Trump's plan to end the war.

In February 2026, US President Donald Trump's "Board of Peace" is scheduled to meet in Washington D.C. The board has pledged five billion dollars for the rebuilding of Gaza and the deployment of thousands of foreign troops. The stated purpose of these initiatives is to promote peace. However, critics argue that the proposed plan is insufficient to address the needs of the region. Al Jazeera's Nour Hegazy is reporting on the upcoming meeting and the criticisms surrounding the board's proposals. The report examines the disparity between the board's rhetoric and the perceived reality of its plan.

In February 2026, Hamas urged President Trump's "Board of Peace" to halt Israel's alleged violations of the Gaza deal brokered in October 2025. This plea comes as the board prepares for its first formal meeting in Washington, D.C., while Palestinians await the full implementation of the peace agreement's second phase. Hamas claims that Israel's actions, including killings, displacement, and a siege, continue despite the truce. According to the Health Ministry, over 600 Palestinians have been killed and 1,600 wounded in Gaza since the agreement began. Hamas also called for the board to facilitate the entry of technocrats to govern and rebuild Gaza, lift the siege, and open border crossings, warning against Israel using the council as a cover for continued aggression. Recent reports indicate Israeli shelling and gunfire in Gaza City and Khan Younis.

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) ceased operations at Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis, Gaza, citing the presence of armed men, intimidation, arbitrary arrests, and suspected weapons movement. MSF stated these incidents posed security threats to their teams and patients. The IDF said it possesses intelligence indicating Hamas used Nasser Hospital as a headquarters. HonestReporting criticized MSF for not identifying the gunmen as Hamas. The White House stated they could not confirm MSF's claims, but emphasized Hamas must disarm. MSF had been operating at Nasser Hospital since before the conflict escalated in October 2023.

Ahead of nuclear talks in Geneva, the article profiles Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and US envoy Steve Witkoff, highlighting their contrasting backgrounds and negotiation styles. Araghchi, a seasoned diplomat with a PhD and a book on negotiation, is portrayed as patient and strategic, reflecting Iran's "market style" of bargaining. Witkoff, a property developer, is seen as operating under a more volatile approach dictated by President Trump. The article suggests that successful negotiations require both sides to make concessions and understand each other's approaches, particularly Iran's emphasis on persistence and repeated demands. Araghchi's book emphasizes national cohesion and military strength as key factors in successful negotiation.

On February 16, 2026, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi met with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director-General Rafael Grossi in Geneva, Switzerland. The meeting took place ahead of a second round of talks with the United States. The purpose of the meeting was likely to discuss Iran's nuclear program and cooperation with the IAEA. This meeting follows previous discussions between Araghchi and Grossi, including one in Cairo in September 2025. The talks are part of ongoing efforts to address concerns about Iran's nuclear activities.

On Sunday, Israeli air strikes in the Gaza Strip killed at least 11 Palestinians, according to Palestinian officials. The Israeli military stated the strikes were a response to ceasefire violations by Hamas. Strikes hit a tent encampment for displaced families, Khan Younis, and the Tel Al-Hawa neighborhood of Gaza City. Hamas accused Israel of a "massacre" against displaced Palestinians, while an Israeli military official described the strikes as "precise" and in line with international law, citing repeated ceasefire violations by Hamas. Both sides have blamed each other for violating the October ceasefire agreement, which is a key part of President Trump's plan to end the Gaza war.

At least 12 Palestinians were killed and several others injured in Israeli airstrikes across the Gaza Strip on Sunday. The Israeli military stated the strikes were in response to ceasefire violations by Hamas. Palestinian sources reported fatalities in Jabaliya, Khan Younis, Gaza City, and Beit Lahia, including those sheltering in a tent for displaced people. Hamas accused Israel of a "massacre" and violating the ceasefire agreement. Israel claimed Hamas violated the truce by armed individuals near Israeli troops after exiting underground infrastructure. The violence occurred despite a US-brokered truce that began last month, with both sides accusing the other of violations.

Doctors Without Borders (MSF) reduced noncritical operations at Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis, Gaza, on January 20, citing security concerns. MSF reported incidents involving armed men, intimidation, arrests, and suspected weapons on hospital grounds, posing threats to staff and patients. The organization formally expressed its concerns to authorities, emphasizing the need for hospitals to remain neutral and free from military activity. Nasser Hospital refuted MSF's claims, calling them "false" and "misleading," while acknowledging isolated unlawful actions may have occurred due to the ongoing emergency. Hospital officials stated that a civilian police presence had been arranged to help safeguard patients, staff and infrastructure. MSF is calling on all armed groups, Hamas, and Israeli forces to respect medical facilities and ensure the protection of civilians.

In January 2026, President Donald Trump announced that his newly formed Board of Peace would unveil $5 billion in pledges for the reconstruction of Gaza at its inaugural meeting. The announcement was made during the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Trump stated that the board would also commit thousands of personnel to international stability efforts. The Board of Peace charter was signed by President Trump at the event. The initiative aims to address the rebuilding needs of Gaza, which has been impacted by conflict.

In February 2026, UpFront interviewed Gaza author and policy analyst Jehad Abusalim about the situation in Gaza following the ceasefire. Despite the ceasefire, Israeli strikes continue, resulting in Palestinian casualties. The discussion centered on the United States President Donald Trump's "Board of Peace" and its Gaza reconstruction plans. A key concern is the lack of Palestinian representation in the Board's leadership, raising questions about whether the plans will address the needs and perspectives of Gazans. Abusalim discussed the ongoing strikes, Trump's plans, and the future prospects for the territory, emphasizing the importance of Palestinian voices in shaping Gaza's future.